Graphical Abstract

Defect Detection

The visualized comparison of the human labeled bounding box to the YOLO detector result. The blue box represents the objects labeled by YOLO detector and the red box represents the object labeled by human experts.

The performance of YOLO detector with respect to different IOU thresholds.

Geometric Analysis Video

The two figures below show the density and the median size distribution of the loops from the test video. They compare the density and median size distribution for three datasets obtained from Haley et al. (2017), the ground truth labeling done by experts in this study, and the result from YOLO detector.